Rosh Hashanah 4:7

Mishnah

Rebbi Akiva says to him (continuing from the last Mishnah): If a person doesn't blow the shofar for Malchuyot, why even mention them? Rather, say Avot, Gevurot, Kedushat Hashem, include Kedushat HaYom with Malchuyot, and then blow. Zichronot, then blow, Shofarot and then blow, and say Avodah, Hoda'ah, and Birkat Kohanim.

(Up until now, we have been continuing the prior Mishnah, which indeed is discussed with the prior Gemara, and not here at all, and in the Bavli is grouped together with the last Mishnah)

One does not (say) less than:

• 10 Malchuyot
• 10 Zichronot
• 10 Shofarot

Rebbi Yochanan ben-Nuri says if one said them 3, 3, he fulfilled his obligation.

We do not mention Malchut, Zicharon, or Shofar of punishment.

Start with Torah, finish with Prophets. Rebbi Yosi says if one finishes with Torah, they have fulfilled their obligation.

Yerushalmi

The Gemara then provides support for the 10 of each

Rebbi Yehudah says that verses that mention G-d's nature as G-d count towards the Malchuyot. Rebbi Yosi says they do not count.

Therefore, per Rebbi Yehudah, Tehillim 47:7 (which mentions Elokim and Malkeinu) counts as two, whereas per Rebbi Yosi, it is only 1.

(Here's the full verse # 7 and 9, which also has mention of both terms)

ז - זמרו אלקים זמרו זמרו למלכנו זמרו

ט - מלך אלקים על גוים אלקים ישב על כסא קדשו

Rebbi Zeira asked: Did they (Rebbi Yehudah and Rebbi Yosi) disagree just on verse 7 if it is for 1 or 2, or on verse 7 and 9, wherein you could say it is a continuation of what is before?

We learn from a Baraita: Everyone agrees that in verse 9 that it is only 1.

(That is to say that if a verse has two mentionings, it only counts once. Therefore, the question between Rebbi Yehudah and Rebbi Yosi is between those two verses)

(Now we apply their opinions to another couple of verses: Tehillim 24:7/9)

שאו שערים ראשיכם ושאו פתחי עולם

The first one counts for 1, and the 2nd for #2., per Rebbi Yehudah. Per Rebbi Yosi, it would be that the first one is 2, and the 2nd verse is #3. (See mefarshim there and in the end of the masechta for an explanation, as well as the Bavli).

(From the Mishnah) Rebbi Yochanan ben-Nuri says if one said them 3, 3, he fulfilled his obligation.

At first we thought that it was saying 3 from each (therefore it would be that he says 9 is enough instead of 10), but then we found a baraita that says "even 3 (total) from all of them, he has fulfilled his obligation".

(From the Mishnah) We do not mention Malchut, Zicharon, or Shofar of punishment.

The Gemara gives sample verses.

• Zichronot of punishment, for example Tehillim 9:13
• Malchuyot of punishment, for example Yehezkel 20:33
• Shofarot of punishment, for example Yirmiyahu 4:19

(From the Mishnah) Start with Torah, finish with Prophets. Rebbi Yosi says if one finishes with Torah, they have fulfilled their obligation.

From the language it would appear that Rebbi Yosi is talking about a case of "after-the-fact", meaning one should not end with a verse from the Torah. Rebbi Yochanan brings another version of that Mishnah saying Rebbi Yosi says that you must end with a verse from the Torah.

Bavli (32a)

The Gemara starts by where we know that there is a need for 10 of each.

10 Hilulim from Tehillim 150, or the 10 Commandments, 10 statements with which the world was created.

(From the Mishnah) Rebbi Yochanan ben-Nuri says if one said them 3, 3, he fulfilled his obligation.

The Bavli then brings a similar baraita as the Yerushalmi did above.

We do not say less than 10 Malchuyot, 10 Zichronot, 10 Shofarot, and if you said 7 from each, it is enough to fulfill the requirement, against the 7 firmaments. Rebbi Yochanan ben-Nuri says that one that says few should not say fewer than 7, but if one only said 3 from all of them, it is enough, against Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim, and some say Kohanim, Levi'im, and Yisraelim.

Rav Huna says in the name of Shmuel: Halachah is like Rebbi Yochanan ben-Nuri.

(From the Mishnah) We do not mention Malchut, Zicharon, or Shofar of punishment.

The Bavli then lists out the verses that one does not say, some overlapping to the Yerushalmi.

It goes on to say that we can mention the verses mentioning the punishment of the nations.

We do not mention Zichronot of a single person (but rather of the whole nation).

Rebbi Yosi says that Pikdonot are like Zichronot and can be mentioned with Zichronot. Rebbi Yehudah disagrees.

The Bavli here brings a similar statement to the Yerushalmi above regarding שאו שערים ראשיכם. The conclusion is that per Rebbi Yosi is that the first section is 2, and the second section is 3 (for a total of 5). Per Rebbi Yehudah, the first is 1 and the second is 2 for a total of 3.

תהלים מז:ז-ח -  זמרו אלקים זמרו, זמרו למלכנו זמרו. כי מלך כל הארץ אלקים

Rebbi Yosi counts the first verse as 2, Rebbi Yehudah as 1.  Both agree that the second is only 1.

What if the Zikaron also has a Shofar, like the phrase Zichron Teruah?  Rebbi Yosi says we can use it for both, Rebbi Yehudah counts it only for Zichronot.

Malchut with Teruah, like ותרועת מלך בו, Rebbi Yosi says Shofarot and Malchuyot, Rebbi Yehudah says Malchuyot alone.

Teruah by itself?  Rebbi Yosi says Shofarot, Rebbi Yehudah says don't mention it at all (which explains also his opinion on the last two cases).

(From the Mishnah) Start with Torah, finish with Prophets. Rebbi Yosi says if one finishes with Torah, they have fulfilled their obligation.

The Gemara brings the same argument on the wording, and brings baraitot to support that we should finish each section with Torah.  But then, we have a problem, for there is a shortage of verses for Malchuyot that mention explicitly Hashem's stature as King.  This is a problem with Rebbi Yehudah's method, where it needs to explicitly mention the word king.  Halachah, is implied, is like Rebbi Yosi, and indeed this is what we do.